The domain of psychiatry has witnessed numerous evolutions in its therapeutic interventions. One of the most intriguing advancements is Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS). This non-invasive neuromodulatory technique has grown in popularity and application, offering hope to individuals who have found limited relief from traditional treatments.
Origins of TMS
TMS finds its origins in the early experiments of electromagnetic induction by the eminent scientist, Michael Faraday, in the 1800s. It was not until the 1980s, however, that Anthony Barker and his colleagues at the University of Sheffield successfully applied the first TMS pulse to a human subject. This was a watershed moment, marking the beginning of a new era in neuromodulation and therapeutic interventions.
Mechanism of Action
At its core, TMS employs a coil that generates a magnetic field. When this coil is placed over the scalp, the rapidly changing magnetic field induces a secondary electrical current within the underlying brain tissue. This results in the depolarization of neuronal cells, effectively modulating their activity. The regions targeted are often those implicated in mood disorders, specifically the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
Reference: Wagner T, Valero-Cabre A, Pascual-Leone A. Noninvasive human brain stimulation. Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2007;9:527-65.
Benefits of TMS
- Treatment-Resistant Depression: TMS has garnered FDA approval for the treatment of major depressive disorder in individuals who haven’t responded to traditional antidepressants. Multiple studies have underscored its efficacy, with patients reporting a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. Reference: U.S. Food and Drug Administration on TMS
- No Systemic Side Effects: Unlike oral medications, TMS doesn’t produce systemic side effects. Most commonly, patients might experience mild headaches or discomfort at the treatment site.
- Non-invasive Procedure: TMS does not require anesthesia or sedation, and patients can resume daily activities immediately after a session.
- Potential in Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders: Preliminary research suggests TMS may be beneficial in conditions like obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and certain types of chronic pain. Reference: Dunner DL, Aaronson ST, Sackeim HA, et al. A multisite, naturalistic, observational study of transcranial magnetic stimulation for patients with pharmacoresistant major depressive disorder: durability of benefit over a 1-year follow-up period. J Clin Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;75(12):1394-401.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stands as a testament to the fusion of technology and neuroscience, offering a beacon of hope for those grappling with mental health disorders. As research advances, we can only anticipate that its applications will broaden, offering a new chapter in psychiatric therapeutics. If you feel you may be a candidate for TMS Therapy please contact us or complete your TMS assessment.
